Chapter 3 Fibre to Fabric Class 6 NCERT Science Book Solution

1. Introduction:

Fibres are those materials, which, when spun, yarns are created from which fabrics are made. Fabrics are used to make clothes, bags, etc. Two main types of fibres, actually exist in nature. These are: "Natural fibres and Synthetic fibres.

2. Types of Fibres:

1.Natural Fibres: Obtained from plants and animals.

  Plant fibres: Cotton, jute.

  Animal fibres: Wool, silk.

2.Synthetic Fibres:

Made from chemical compounds.

 Examples: Nylon, polyester.

3.Plant Fibres:

1. Cotton:

 Cotton plants grows on black soil and under warm climate.

The cotton bolls is the fruit of the cotton plant.

 Cotton bolls open to dispense cotton fibres.

 Ginning:  Separation of seeds from cotton fibres

2. Jute:

   Jute comes from jute stem

   Jute grows in areas where it experiences heavy rainfall.

   Harvest at flowering stage.

The process involved in the extraction of fibres is called retting (soaking in water).

4. Animal Fibres:

1. Wool:

Wool is obtained from the fleece (hair) of animals like sheep, goats, camels, and rabbits.

Shearing:  Removal of fleece from the animal's body.

Scouring:  Cleaning the sheared wool to remove grease, dirt, etc.

Sorting:  Sorting the wool fibres according to their texture and length.

The wool is spun into a yarn.

2. Silk:

 Silk is extracted from the cocoons of silkworms.

 The silkworm is the larva of the silk moth.

 Silkworms eat mulberry leaves.

 Cocoons are soaked in boiling water and the silk fibers wound from it.

 Reeling: Unwinding of silk thread from the cocoon.

5.Spinning:

 Twisting of fibres to get yarn is known as spinning.

The old tools used for spinning are charkha and Takli.

Spinning machines are used in factories for mass production.

6.Weaving and Knitting:

1. Weaving:

Weaving: This is the process of making fabric from two sets of yarn interlacing together.

It is done on looms, which are either hand-operated or power-operated.

2. Knitting:

This involves making fabric by interlocking loops of yarn.

One can achieve this either with machinery or just by hand.

Cloth-making was the earliest clothing in human history- Early man wore clothes made from tree-bark, animal skins, and their furs.

They gradually learned to weave these plant fibres and animal hair into fabrics.

Ginning: The process by which cotton fibres are separated from seeds.

Spinning: The process by which the fibre is converted into yarn.

Weaving/Knitting: The process by which yarn is converted into fabric.